Melt butter, and combine with molasses, heaping cups of brown sugar, sugar, cinnamon, ginger, allspice, and cloves.
Spread the gingerbread cinnamon sugar filling as evenly as you can over the dough. Make sure the filling is extra thick at the very bottom of the rolled-out dough (where the center will be). Sprinkle flour and sea salt evenly over the filling.
Roll the dough into a long, tight log. Evenly slice the log into 10 individual cinnamon rolls. Gently press each roll down to ensure the filling and dough remain tightly packed (you can see how I did this in the video).
Place the cinnamon rolls in the prepared baking dish. Use a glass baking pan coated in butter and sprinkled with flour for the best results. This combination helps absorb any excess cinnamon sugar filling, transforming it into a delicious sugar paste (instead of burning) that enhances the flavor of the rolls when they come out of the oven.
Cover the cinnamon rolls, and let them rise for 2 to 3 hours.
Bake the cinnamon rolls at 350°F for 45-50 minutes, or until golden brown and fully risen.Place them on the middle rack to prevent burning on the top or bottom. If you’re baking multiple pans, alternate their positions in the oven every 20 minutes for even cooking. As soon as the cinnamon rolls come out, drizzle the pan's extra filling over them. Let the rolls cool in the pan for 10-15 minutes before applying the buttercream icing.